Magnetic flow meters employ the principles of electromagnetic induction to efficiently measure the amount of liquid flowing through a pipe. {They consist of|A typical magnetic flow meter comprises two electrodes {positioned|situated within a conductive tube. As a conductive liquid passes through the tube, it creates an electromagnetic field that is

Ultrasonic water level measurement is a widely used technique for determining the level of liquid in a tank or vessel without physical interference. This method employs high-frequency sound waves to gauge the distance between the ultrasonic sensor and the surface of the fluid. The sensor emits a pulse of ultrasonic waves, which travel through the